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Gender Equality Law In Europe books, This report provides a general overview of the ways in which EU gender equality law has been implemented in the domestic laws of the 28 Member States of the European Union, as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway (the EEA countries) and four candidate countries (the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Turkey). The analysis is based on the country reports written by the gender equality law experts of the European equality law network (EELN). At the same time, this report explains the most important elements of the EU gender equality acquis. The term 'EU gender equality acquis' refers to all the relevant EU Treaty and EU Charter of Fundamental Rights provisions, legislation and the case law of the CJEU in relation to gender equality. The development of EU gender equality law has been a step-by-step process, starting, at least for the 'oldest' EU Member States, in the early sixties. In 1957, the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC), the origin of the current EU, contained only one single provision (Article 119 EEC Treaty, nowadays Article 157 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union 'TFEU') on gender discrimination: namely the principle of equal pay between men and women for equal work. Since then, however, many directives have been adopted which prohibit discrimination on the grounds of sex: the Directive on equal pay for men and women (75/117/EEC), the Directive on equal treatment of men and women in employment (76/207/EEC, amended by Directive 2002/73/EC and now repealed by Recast Directive 2006/54/EC), the Directive on equal treatment of men and women in statutory schemes of social security (79/7/EEC), the Directive on equal treatment of men and women in occupational social security schemes (86/378/EEC, amended by Directive 96/97/EC and now repealed by Recast Directive 2006/54/EC), the Directive on equal treatment of men and women engaged in an activity, including agriculture, in a selfemployed capacity (86/613/EEC, repealed by Directive 2010/41/EU), the Pregnant Workers' Directive (92/85/EEC), the Parental Leave Directive (96/34/EEC, repealed by Directive 2010/18/EU), the Directive on equal treatment of men and women in the access to and the supply of goods and services (2004/113/EC) and, finally, the aforementioned so-called Recast Directive (2006/54/EC). For your convenience, the six EU gender equality law directives currently in force are attached to this report as annexes. Since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty on 1 December 2009, the European Community and the EU have merged into one single legal order, the European Union. However, we continue to work with two treaties: the Treaty on European Union (TEU) that lays down the basic structures and provisions, and the TFEU, which is more detailed and elaborates the TEU. In addition, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU entered into force in 2009 and has the same legal value as the two Treaties (the TEU and the TFEU). The TEU, the TFEU and the Charter all contain provisions that are relevant to the field of gender equality.